Numerical modelling and propagation law of seismic wave field in loess plateau of Ordos basin
HAN Linghe1,2,3, HU Ziduo2,3, DI Bangrang1, XU Zhonghua2,3, LIU Wei2,3, LI Xiang2,3
1. National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, PetroChina, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China; 3. CNPC Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
Abstract:In order to study the propagation law of seismic waves and the generation mechanism of noise in the loess plateau,this paper establishes 3D realistic models (velocity and quality factor Q) of the loess plateau in Ordos basin according to actual surface elevation and velocity structure of the Qingcheng North 3D work area. Then under the condition of undulating land surface,3D numerical modelling using the coordinate transformation method is accomplished based on a viscoacoustic wave equation with explicitly expressed quality factor. This method can simulate the strong energy noise near the offset caused by complex near-surface and strong attenuation effects,and obtain simulation results similar to the real seismic data. Through wave field analysis of the numerical modelling results of the models with different complexity,this paper gradually clarifies the generation mechanism of near-offset strong energy noise,multiple reflection and multiple refraction. Finally,this paper analyzes the differences in wave field characteristics at different locations (plateau,ridge,hillside,ditch) and at different source depth in the loess plateau area based on the numerical modelling and actual data. Analysis shows that when excited in the ditch,the near-offset strong energy noise is weaker,and the data quality is relatively good; As the source depth increases,the high-frequency component of the signal gradually increases; For real seismic data acquiring in the loess plateau,it is necessary to avoid excitation in the dry loess layer and try to excite in the clay layer or deeper layer. The conclusion of wave field analysis has positive guiding significance for real data acquiring and processing in the loess plateau.
韩令贺, 胡自多, 狄帮让, 徐中华, 刘威, 李翔. 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区地震波场数值模拟及传播规律[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2024, 59(3): 504-513.
HAN Linghe, HU Ziduo, DI Bangrang, XU Zhonghua, LIU Wei, LI Xiang. Numerical modelling and propagation law of seismic wave field in loess plateau of Ordos basin. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2024, 59(3): 504-513.
FU Suotang,WANG Daxing,YAO Zonghui. Progress of 3D seismic exploration technologies and oil and gas exploration and development performance in the loess tableland area of the Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2020,25(1):67-77.付锁堂,王大兴,姚宗惠. 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬三维地震技术突破及勘探开发效果[J]. 中国石油勘探,2020,25(1):67-77.
[2]
ZHAO Bangliu,DONG Shitai,ZENG Zhong,et al. Geophysical prospecting technology progress of PetroChina in the 13th Five-Year Plan period and development direction consideration in the 14th Five-Year Plan period[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2021,26(1):108-120.赵邦六,董世泰,曾忠,等. 中国石油"十三五"物探技术进展及"十四五"发展方向思考[J]. 中国石油勘探,2021,26(1):108-120.
[3]
CARCIONE J M,HERMAN G C,KROODE A P E TEN. Seismic modeling[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(4):1304-1325.
[4]
ETGEN J T,O'BRIEN M J. Computational methods for large-scale 3D acoustic finite-difference modeling:A tutorial[J]. Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM223-SM230.
[5]
OPRSAL I,ZAHRADNIK J. Elastic finite-difference method for irregular grids[J]. Geophysics,1999,64(1):240-250.
[6]
LI Zhenchun,ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Hua. Variable-grid high-order finite-difference numeric simulation of first-order elastic wave equation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):711-716.李振春,张慧,张华. 一阶弹性波方程的变网格高阶有限差分数值模拟[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):711-716.
[7]
LIU Zhiqiang,HUANG Lei,LI Gangzhu,et al. Numerical simulation of seismic waves in viscoelastic media based on orthogonal body-fitted grid[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2023,58(4):839-846.刘志强,黄磊,李钢柱,等. 基于正交贴体网格的黏弹介质地震波模拟[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2023,58(4):839-846.
[8]
SUN Jianguo,JIANG Lili. Orthogonal curvilinear grid generation technique used for numeric simulation of geophysical fields in undulating surface condition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(4):494-500.孙建国,蒋丽丽. 用于起伏地表条件下地球物理场数值模拟的正交曲网格生成技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):494-500.
[9]
ZHANG W,SHEN Y,ZHAO L. Three-dimensional anisotropic seismic wave modelling in spherical coordinates by a collocated-grid finite-difference method[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2012,188(3):1359-1381.
[10]
WANG Daxing,ZHANG Mengbo,YANG Wenjing,et al. Seismic forward and inverse simulation in a tight reservoir model of loess plateau region[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):243-251.王大兴,张盟勃,杨文敬,等. 黄土塬区致密储集层模型地震正反演模拟[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):243-251.
[11]
LIANG Yue,GU Hanming,LI Cong,et al. Numerical simulation of seismic wave excitation in loess slope zone and wave field characteristics[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2019,19(22):70-75.梁岳,顾汉明,李丛,等. 黄土塬斜坡带地震波激发数值模拟与波场特征[J]. 科学技术与工程,2019,19(22):70-75.
CAI Ruiqian,SUN Chengyu,WU Dunshi,et al. Finite-difference numerical modeling with variable mechanisms for viscoacoustic wave equation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(3):529-538.蔡瑞乾,孙成禹,伍敦仕,等. 黏声波动方程变机制数有限差分正演[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(3):529-538.
[14]
XU Shigang,BAO Qianzong,REN Zhiming. A simplified pure visco-acoustic wave equation for 3D TTI media and its numerical simulation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2022,57(2):331-341.徐世刚,包乾宗,任志明. 简化的三维TTI介质黏滞纯声波方程及其数值模拟[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2022,57(2):331-341.
[15]
KJARTANSSON E. Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[16]
CARCIONE J M. Theory and modeling of constant-Q P- and S-waves using fractional time derivatives[J]. Geophysics,2008,74(1):T1-T11.
[17]
ZHU T Y,HARRIS J M. Modeling acoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous attenuating media using decoupled fractional Laplacians[J]. Geophysics,2014,79(3):T105-T116.
[18]
LI Q Q,ZHOU H,ZHANG Q C,et al. Efficient reverse time migration based on fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2016,204(1):488-504.
[19]
GU Hanming,ZHANG Kuitao,LIU Chuncheng,et al. Low-rank one-step wave extrapolation for pure qP-wave forward modeling in viscoacoustic anisotropic media[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2020,55(4):733-746.顾汉明,张奎涛,刘春成,等. 基于Low-Rank一步法波场延拓的黏声各向异性介质纯qP波正演模拟[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2020,55(4):733-746.
[20]
HU Z D,YANG J D,HAN L H,et al. Modeling seismic wave propagation in the Loess Plateau using a viscoacoustic wave equation with explicitly expressed quality factor[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science,2023,10(1):1-24.