在绝大部分情况下，远场子波是理论子波，与实际采集的气枪子波差别较大，因此基于远场子波的气泡效应压制结果存在明显的气泡残余。为此，提出了一种数据驱动的气泡效应压制方法，即利用数据的自相关提取子波，基于提取的子波和不含气泡效应的期望子波求取气泡压制算子，进而压制数据中的气泡效应。此外，分析了影响基于提取子波压制气泡效应方法效果的两个因素：①气泡压制算子长度，影响气泡压制效果，由数据中的气泡延续时间决定；②白噪系数，影响虚反射陷波效应，且随着白噪系数增加，会人为增强虚反射的陷波效应，影响虚反射压制效果，即求取气泡压制算子时宜采用尽可能小的白噪系数。实际数据应用结果表明：基于提取子波压制气泡效应方法克服了基于远场子波气泡效应压制方法中的模拟远场子波没有考虑实际采集条件对子波影响的问题，能更好地压制气泡效应，提高数据信噪比和分辨率，同时能更好地保持数据保真度。
Abstract
In most cases,far-field wavelets are notional,and they are quite different from acquired wavelets.Therefore,data after debubbling based on far-field wavelets have obvious residual bubbles.This paper proposes a data-driven debubbling method.It extracts wavelets by the cross-correlation of data,calculates the debubbling operator based on extracted wavelets and expected wavelets (without bubbles),and then debubbles data.In addition,the paper analyzes two main factors affecting the debubbling results of the method:①The length of the debubbling operator.It has an impact on debubbling effect,and it is decided by bubble oscillations; ② White noise.It has a bad influence on the notch of ghosts; and as the white noise increases,it will artificially enhance the notch and reduce the deghosting effect.Therefore,during debubbling,it is better to apply a less white noise.The new method based on extracted wavelets solves the problem of the method based on far-field wavelets.The latter doesn't consider the influence of acquisition conditions on wavelets.The new method can remove bubble oscillations more effectively,increase signal to noise ratio (SNR) and resolution,and maintain the fidelity of data.All of these have been proven by the processing results of field data.
关键词
气泡效应 /
压制 /
子波提取 /
气泡压制算子长度 /
白噪系数
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Key words
bubble effect /
attenuation /
wavelet extraction /
debubbling operator length /
white noise
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中图分类号：
P631
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脚注
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基金
本项研究受国家重点研发计划项目“新一代海上高精度地震海量数据处理软件平台研发”子课题“新一代海上高精度地震海量数据处理基础支撑平台与关键技术”（2019YFC0312001）和东方地球物理公司科研项目“中东高端市场处理关键技术研发与应用”（01-01-01-2019）联合资助。
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